Top 10 Biggest Cities in Tanzania by Population
Tanzania, an East African nation known for its diverse landscapes, wildlife, and vibrant cultures, is home to some of the fastest-growing cities on the continent. With a mix of historical significance, economic growth, and urban development, Tanzania’s cities each offer unique insights into the country’s heritage and aspirations. From the bustling port city of Dar es Salaam to the historic charm of Zanzibar City, these urban centers are vital to Tanzania’s identity and its future. As people migrate from rural areas in search of opportunities, Tanzania’s cities continue to expand, shaping the country’s economic and cultural landscape.
Here are the top 10 cities in Tanzania by population.
1. Dar es Salaam
Overview
Dar es Salaam, with a population of over 6 million, is Tanzania’s largest city and its main economic hub. Located along the Indian Ocean, this coastal city is known for its bustling port, modern skyline, and cultural diversity. Although Dodoma is the official capital, Dar es Salaam remains the country’s principal commercial center.
Historical Background
Founded in the 1860s by the Sultan of Zanzibar, Dar es Salaam grew from a small fishing village into a major port under German and British colonial rule. The city’s name, meaning “Haven of Peace,” reflects its history as a tranquil coastal town. Today, Dar es Salaam is a vibrant metropolis with a mix of historical and modern influences.
Economy and Cultural Scene
As Tanzania’s economic powerhouse, Dar es Salaam hosts many of the country’s major industries, including banking, trade, and manufacturing. The city’s port is one of the busiest in East Africa, connecting Tanzania to international markets. Dar es Salaam’s cultural scene includes museums, theaters, and art galleries, with attractions like the National Museum and Village Museum drawing locals and tourists alike. The city’s beaches, vibrant nightlife, and markets make it a dynamic and diverse urban center.
2. Mwanza
Overview
Mwanza, with a population of around 1.2 million, is Tanzania’s second-largest city and is located along the shores of Lake Victoria in the northern region. Known for its fishing industry and scenic lake views, Mwanza is a fast-growing city and an essential part of Tanzania’s economy.
Historical Significance and Lake Victoria
Mwanza’s location on Lake Victoria has made it a significant trade and transportation hub for centuries. The lake is crucial for the fishing industry, with tilapia and Nile perch being the main catches. Mwanza’s port connects Tanzania with neighboring countries like Uganda and Kenya, strengthening its role in East African trade.
Economy and Development
Mwanza’s economy is driven by fishing, agriculture, and mining, with gold mining playing an important role in the surrounding region. The city has seen rapid urban development, with new housing projects, schools, and hospitals catering to its growing population. Mwanza’s lakeside location and scenic landscapes make it a popular destination for visitors and residents alike.
3. Arusha
Overview
Arusha, with a population of approximately 600,000, is located in northern Tanzania and is known as the “safari capital” of the country. Nestled between Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Meru, Arusha serves as a gateway to many of Tanzania’s national parks and wildlife reserves.
Historical and International Importance
Arusha has a rich history and has been an important trading center for centuries. The city is also known for its role in diplomacy, as it hosts the East African Community headquarters and has been the site of various peace negotiations. Arusha’s blend of traditional and modern influences reflects its status as an international city.
Tourism and Economy
Tourism is the backbone of Arusha’s economy, with thousands of visitors passing through each year to embark on safaris in the Serengeti, Ngorongoro Crater, and other famous reserves. The city also has a strong agricultural sector, producing coffee and flowers for export. Arusha’s vibrant markets, cultural centers, and scenic landscapes make it an attractive and bustling city.
4. Dodoma
Overview
Dodoma, with a population of around 500,000, is Tanzania’s official capital and is located in the central part of the country. Though smaller than Dar es Salaam, Dodoma holds political significance as the seat of government, housing Tanzania’s parliament and other national institutions.
Political and Historical Significance
Dodoma was designated as the capital in 1974 to promote development in the interior of the country. The government’s relocation has made Dodoma an important administrative center, though it continues to grow at a slower pace than other cities. The city’s layout and infrastructure reflect its purpose as the nation’s capital.
Economy and Development
Dodoma’s economy is based on agriculture, with crops like grapes, beans, and maize playing key roles. The government is investing in infrastructure to support its status as the capital, with new roads, government buildings, and public facilities being constructed. Dodoma’s growth is steady, and its role as the political center of Tanzania continues to attract residents and businesses.
5. Mbeya
Overview
Mbeya, with a population of around 385,000, is located in the highlands of southwestern Tanzania. Known for its cool climate and mountainous landscapes, Mbeya is an agricultural hub and a growing urban center.
Historical Background and Regional Significance
Mbeya was originally founded during the 1920s as a gold mining town, and it has since evolved into a significant regional center. Its location near the borders of Zambia and Malawi makes it a key transit point for trade and travel within East Africa.
Economy and Agriculture
Agriculture is central to Mbeya’s economy, with crops like tea, coffee, and maize being cultivated in the fertile highlands. The city also has a growing manufacturing sector, with industries such as cement production contributing to the local economy. Mbeya’s natural beauty, including the nearby Kitulo National Park, makes it a scenic and appealing place to live.
6. Morogoro
Overview
Morogoro, with a population of about 315,000, is located at the base of the Uluguru Mountains in central Tanzania. Known for its agricultural research and educational institutions, Morogoro is a center for learning and agriculture.
Educational and Agricultural Importance
Morogoro is home to the Sokoine University of Agriculture, which plays a significant role in Tanzania’s agricultural research and development. The city is also a center for agricultural education, attracting students from across the country. Its location near the Uluguru Mountains gives Morogoro a beautiful natural setting.
Economy and Local Life
The economy of Morogoro is primarily based on agriculture, with sugarcane, tobacco, and sisal as key crops. The city’s markets are bustling with local produce, and its position along major transportation routes makes it a key hub for trade. Morogoro’s educational institutions and scenic landscapes contribute to its unique character as a city.
7. Tanga
Overview
Tanga, with a population of approximately 275,000, is a port city located on Tanzania’s northeastern coast. Known for its maritime history and trade, Tanga has a laid-back atmosphere compared to the bustling streets of Dar es Salaam.
Historical Background and Maritime Legacy
Founded in the 19th century, Tanga grew as a major port during German colonial rule. The city’s history is evident in its architecture and layout, with colonial buildings and historic sites reflecting its past. Tanga’s location on the coast makes it an important part of Tanzania’s trade and transportation network.
Economy and Industry
Tanga’s economy is based on trade, manufacturing, and agriculture. The city’s port facilitates trade with neighboring countries, and industries like cement production and sisal processing are significant. Tanga’s relaxed coastal vibe, historical sites, and beaches make it a peaceful city with economic importance.
8. Zanzibar City (Stone Town)
Overview
Zanzibar City, with a population of around 240,000, is the capital of the Zanzibar Archipelago and is located on Unguja Island. Known for its unique blend of Swahili, Arab, and Indian influences, the city is famous for its historic Stone Town, a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Historical and Cultural Heritage
Stone Town is the historic heart of Zanzibar City and reflects centuries of cultural exchange. Its narrow streets, spice markets, and ancient buildings showcase a blend of Arab, Persian, Indian, and European architecture. Stone Town’s historical significance and charm attract thousands of tourists every year.
Economy and Tourism
Tourism is the main economic driver in Zanzibar City, with visitors coming to explore Stone Town, beaches, and spice plantations. Fishing and spice exports are also important to the local economy. Zanzibar City’s unique culture, historic sites, and coastal allure make it one of Tanzania’s most iconic destinations.
9. Kigoma
Overview
Kigoma, with a population of around 215,000, is located on the shores of Lake Tanganyika in western Tanzania. Known for its fishing industry and role as a transit point to neighboring countries, Kigoma is a growing city with unique geographic significance.
Historical Significance and Lake Tanganyika
Kigoma has long been an important trade and transportation hub due to its location on Lake Tanganyika, the second-largest freshwater lake in the world. The city is a gateway for trade with the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Burundi, making it a vital connection point in the region.
Economy and Fishing Industry
Fishing is a key industry in Kigoma, with the lake providing tilapia and other fish for local markets. Agriculture and trade are also important, with the city serving as a distribution point for goods moving between Tanzania and its western neighbors. Kigoma’s lakeside location and role in regional trade contribute to its growth and economic significance.
10. Moshi
Overview
Moshi, with a population of around 210,000, is located in northeastern Tanzania at the base of Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest peak. Known as the gateway to Kilimanjaro, Moshi is a popular destination for tourists and climbers.
Tourism and Mount Kilimanjaro
Moshi’s proximity to Mount Kilimanjaro has made it a central point for tourism, attracting adventurers from around the world. The city’s charming atmosphere and views of the mountain give it a unique appeal. Moshi’s location also allows easy access to other national parks, enhancing its popularity among visitors.
Economy and Coffee Industry
The economy of Moshi is largely based on tourism and agriculture, particularly coffee cultivation. The fertile slopes of Kilimanjaro provide ideal conditions for coffee production, making Moshi a key center for Tanzania’s coffee industry. The city’s small-town charm, combined with its bustling tourism sector, gives Moshi a special place in Tanzania’s cultural and economic landscape.